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搭建 Portainer

3 min read

启动管理页面​

  • vim ./portainer/docker-compose.yml
version: "3"

services:
  portainerce:
    image: portainer/portainer-ce:latest
    container_name: portainerce
    restart: unless-stopped
    security_opt:
      - no-new-privileges:true
    volumes:
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
      - ./portainer-data:/data
    ports:
      - 9000:9000
  • docker compose up -d 启动
  • 访问 127.0.0.1:9000 注册账号密码 应该会自动挂载当前环境的 docker 实例等。

Portainer tls 远程连接 服务器 docker​

生成证书​

  • sudo mkdir -p /srv/certs.d/
  • sudo cd /srv/certs.d
  • sudo vim /srv/certs.d/auto-tls-certs.sh
  • sudo bash /srv/certs.d/auto-tls-certs.sh
  • 记得修改上面的配置信息
#!/bin/bash
# 
# -------------------------------------------------------------
# 自动创建 Docker TLS 证书
# -------------------------------------------------------------

# 以下是配置信息
# --[BEGIN]------------------------------

PASSWORD="your code"
COUNTRY="CN"
STATE="your state"
CITY="your city"
ORGANIZATION="your org"
ORGANIZATIONAL_UNIT="your org unit"
EMAIL="your email"

# --[END]--

CODE="docker_api"
IP=`curl ip.sb -4`
COMMON_NAME="$IP"

# Generate CA key
openssl genrsa -aes256 -passout "pass:$PASSWORD" -out "ca-key-$CODE.pem" 4096
# Generate CA
openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -key "ca-key-$CODE.pem" -sha256 -out "ca-$CODE.pem" -passin "pass:$PASSWORD" -subj "/C=$COUNTRY/ST=$STATE/L=$CITY/O=$ORGANIZATION/OU=$ORGANIZATIONAL_UNIT/CN=$COMMON_NAME/emailAddress=$EMAIL"
# Generate Server key
openssl genrsa -out "server-key-$CODE.pem" 4096

# Generate Server Certs.
openssl req -subj "/CN=$COMMON_NAME" -sha256 -new -key "server-key-$CODE.pem" -out server.csr

echo "subjectAltName = IP:$IP,IP:127.0.0.1" >> extfile.cnf
echo "extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth" >> extfile.cnf

openssl x509 -req -days 365 -sha256 -in server.csr -passin "pass:$PASSWORD" -CA "ca-$CODE.pem" -CAkey "ca-key-$CODE.pem" -CAcreateserial -out "server-cert-$CODE.pem" -extfile extfile.cnf

# Generate Client Certs.
rm -f extfile.cnf

openssl genrsa -out "key-$CODE.pem" 4096
openssl req -subj '/CN=client' -new -key "key-$CODE.pem" -out client.csr
echo extendedKeyUsage = clientAuth >> extfile.cnf
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -sha256 -in client.csr -passin "pass:$PASSWORD" -CA "ca-$CODE.pem" -CAkey "ca-key-$CODE.pem" -CAcreateserial -out "cert-$CODE.pem" -extfile extfile.cnf

rm -vf client.csr server.csr

chmod -v 0400 "ca-key-$CODE.pem" "key-$CODE.pem" "server-key-$CODE.pem"
chmod -v 0444 "ca-$CODE.pem" "server-cert-$CODE.pem" "cert-$CODE.pem"

# 打包客户端证书
mkdir -p "tls-client-certs-$CODE"
cp -f "ca-$CODE.pem" "cert-$CODE.pem" "key-$CODE.pem" "tls-client-certs-$CODE/"
cd "tls-client-certs-$CODE"
tar zcf "tls-client-certs-$CODE.tar.gz" *
mv "tls-client-certs-$CODE.tar.gz" ../
cd ..
rm -rf "tls-client-certs-$CODE"

# 拷贝服务端证书
mkdir -p /srv/certs.d
cp "ca-$CODE.pem" "server-cert-$CODE.pem" "server-key-$CODE.pem" "tls-client-certs-$CODE.tar.gz" /srv/certs.d/

开启 Docker API​

  • sudo vim /lib/systemd/system/docker.service

alt text

  • 在 ExecStart 行的后面添加以下选项：
-H=tcp://0.0.0.0:2376 --tlsverify --tlscacert=/srv/certs.d/ca-docker_api.pem --tlscert=/srv/certs.d/server-cert-docker_api.pem --tlskey=/srv/certs.d/server-key-docker_api.pem
  • 最后，执行以下命令重新加载服务并重启 Docker：
sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo service docker restart

验证​

此时，我们需要验证 Docker API 是否能够访问，且是否只能通过加密访问。

首先执行 docker -H=127.0.0.1:2376 info，一般来说会返回：

Client: Context:    default Debug Mode: false Plugins: app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3) buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-docker) Server: ERROR: Error response from daemon: Client sent an HTTP request to an HTTPS server. errors pretty printing info

这是因为没有通过 tls 去访问，此时改用 docker -H=127.0.0.1:2376 --tlsverify info，会出现下面的错误：

unable to resolve docker endpoint: open /root/.docker/ca.pem: no such file or directory

这是由于目前没有在对应的用户文件夹下配置证书，我们可以执行以下命令：

mkdir ~/.docker && \
tar -zxvf /srv/certs.d/tls-client-certs-docker_api.tar.gz -C ~/.docker && \
mv ~/.docker/ca-docker_api.pem ~/.docker/ca.pem && \
mv ~/.docker/cert-docker_api.pem ~/.docker/cert.pem && \
mv ~/.docker/key-docker_api.pem ~/.docker/key.pem

完成后再执行一遍 docker -H=127.0.0.1:2376 --tlsverify info 即可获取信息了，至此验证完成。

配置 Portainer​

  • 获取tls要用的文件
    • sz /srv/certs.d/tls-client-certs-docker_api.tar.gz

Environment - Add environment - docker standalone - API - TLS 打开

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